Obesity in Childhood

Table of Contents Introduction Aetiology of obesity Consequences of obesity Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Childhood obesity is considered as one of the top ten global health issues, due to the fact that childhood obesity prevalence is on a dramatic increase. Basically, the short-term problems of childhood obesity include respiratory morbidities and elevated cardiovascular risk factors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in Childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as â€Å"abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health† (WHO, Para. 1). Hills, King and Byrne are on the view that the World Health Organization define overweight adults as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25kg/m2 or more and obese adults as having a body mass index of 30kg/m2 or more (Hills, King, and Byrne 11). Although there is less research on long-term health consequences of childhood obesity, evidence has shown that abnormalities attained at childhood level result in cardiovascular consequences at the on-set of adult obesity. In summation of the researches conducted, it has been found that over weight adolescents and children have a likelihood of attaining several heart disease risk factors and adult morbidities e.g. cardiovascular diseases (Hills, King, and Byrne 20). Nevertheless, obese children often suffer from diseases and develop depression. Aetiology of obesity Factors like diet, physical activity, and metabolic status are some of the major environmental factors that contribute to obesity, which are said to be a genetic trait influence (Hills, King, and Byrne 2). Diet: High fat and refined foods have been identified as major contributors to the obesity condition. In North America and Europe, it has been noted that fat and simple sugars account for more than half consumption and energy intake of refined grain that has replaced whole grains (Hills, King, and Byrne 2). Physical activity: physical activity among the youth has notably decline in recent decades. In addition, it is suggested that corresponding prevalence increase in obesity is the direct result of decline in physical activity (Hills, King, and Byrne 2). Consequences of obesity Depression: Evidence has shown that obesity is linked to mood disorders, low-self esteem, and depression in children. However, this relation is neither simple nor consistent due to variations noted in age, family context, gender, and duration of obesity (Davies, Fitzgerald, and Mousouli 73).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is believed that obese children undergo social stigmatization caused by their body weight, leading to the children being dissatisfied with the image of their body hence causing depression and low self-esteem (Davies, Fitzgerald , and Mousouli 74). According to Martin, Volkmar, and Lewis (608), depressive symptoms have been noted in later childhood obesity. In spite of results and design of these studies differing, the linkage findings on depression to subsequent weight increase are consistent. Moreover, causality has been implied by the fact that the length of time o0f depression between the adulthood and childhood is a predictor of body mass index. It has also been found that the high rates of obesity can be reduced by treatment of depression in children successfully (Martin, Volkmar, and Lewis 608). Development of diseases: Obesity documentation shows that some of the diseases that one is likely to attain because of obesity are hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. In addition, short-term consequences related to childhood obesity include respiratory morbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. These cardiovascular risk factors that characterize obesity at adulthood are due to abnormal ities at childhood. Moreover, studies have also indicated that obese children have a high risk of getting various coronary heart disease risk factors and different comorbidities (Hills, King, and Byrne 20). Conclusion Obesity is a health problem that has been categorized as a top 10-health issue by the world health organization. The obesity condition has been noted to be rapidly increasing globally at high rates, with eating habits, metabolic status, and physical activity being some of the causes that contribute to obesity. Moreover, an obese child can be assisted by successfully tackling issues like depression that an obese child has. Works Cited Davie Dale and Fitzgerald Hiram, Mousouli Vasiliki. Obesityin childhood and adolescent: Understanding development and prevention. British library. 2008. Web. Hills Andrew, King Neil and Byrne M. Nuala. Children, obesity and exercise: prevention treatment and management of childhood adolescent obesity. NY, Routledge. 2007. Web. Martin, Andr es, Volkmar, Fred and Lewis Melvin. Lewis’s child and adolescent psychiatry: a comprehensive textbook. PA, pine tree composition. 2007. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in Childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More WHO. â€Å"Obesity.† Obesity. 2010. Web. This essay on Obesity in Childhood was written and submitted by user Ivy Juarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Love Poems for YourValentine

Top Ten Love Poems for YourValentine Its almost that time again. Valentines Day is coming up and youd like to do something a little more romantic for your beloved than the typical Hallmark greeting card.   Fortunately, we here  at are prepared to  be your very own Cyrano. Here are some of the best love poems ever penned. 1.  She Walks In Beauty by Lord Byron She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 2.  XVII by Pablo Neruda I do not love you as if you were salt-rose, or topaz, or the arrow of carnations the fire shoots off. I love you as certain dark things are to be loved, in secret, between the shadow and the soul. I love you as the plant that never blooms but carries in itself the light of hidden flowers; thanks to your love a certain solid fragrance, risen from the earth, lives darkly in my body. I love you without knowing how, or when, or from where. I love you straightforwardly, without complexities or pride; so I love you because I know no other way than this: where I does not exist, nor you, so close that your hand on my chest is my hand, so close that your eyes close as I fall asleep. 3.  i carry your heart with me by e.e. cummings i  carry your heart with me(i carry it in my heart)i am never without it(anywhere i go you go,my dear; and whatever is done by only me is your doing,my darling) i fear no fate(for you are my fate,my sweet)i want no world(for beautiful you are my world,my true) and its you are whatever a moon has always meant and whatever a sun will always sing is you here is the deepest secret nobody knows (here is the root of the root and the bud of the bud and the sky of the sky of a tree called life;which grows higher than the soul can hope or mind can hide) and this is the wonder thats keeping the stars apart i  carry your heart(i carry it in my heart). 4.  From The Thief of Sleep by Rumi Suddenly the drunken sweetheart appeared out of my door. She drank a cup of ruby wine and sat by my side. Seeing and holding the lockets of her hair My face became all eyes, and my eyes all hands. 5.  Gloire de Dijon by D.H. Lawrence When  she rises in the morning I linger to watch her;She spreads the bath-cloth underneath the windowAnd the sunbeams catch herGlistening white on the shoulders,While down her sides the mellowGolden shadow glows asShe stoops to the sponge, and her swung breastsSway like full-blownGloire de Dijon roses.She drips herself with water, and her shouldersGlisten as silver; they crumble upLike wet and falling roses, and I listenFor the sluicing of their rain-dishevelled petals.In the window full of sunlightConcentrates her golden shadowFold on fold, until it glows asMellow as the glory roses. 6.  From That Silent Evening by Galway Kinnell I will go back to that silent evening when we lay together and talked in low, silent voices, while outside slow lumps of soft snow fell, hushing as they got near the ground, with a fire in the room, in which centuries of tree went up in continuous ghost-giving-up, without a crackle, into morning light. 7.  Wild Nights by Emily Dickinson Wild nights! Wild nights! Were I with thee, Wild nights should be Our luxury! Futile the winds To a heart in port, Done with the compass, Done with the chart. Rowing in Eden! Ah! the sea! Might I  but moor To-night in thee! 8.  Sudden Light by Dante Gabriel Rossetti I  have been here before, But when or how I cannot tell: I know the grass beyond the door, The sweet keen smell, The sighing sound, the lights around the shore. You have been mine before,- How long ago I may not know: But just when at that swallows soar Your neck turned so, Some veil did fall,- I knew it all of yore. Has this been thus before? And shall not thus times eddying flight Still with our lives our love restore In deaths despite, And day and night yield one delight once more? 9.  An Argument by Thomas More Ive oft been told by learned friars, That wishing and the crime are one, And Heaven punishes desires As much as if the deed were done. If wishing damns us, you and I Are damned to all our hearts content; Come, then, at least we may enjoy Some pleasure for our punishment! 10.  The Song of Solomon 7:10-13 I am my lovers, and he desires me. Come, my darling, let us go out into the fields and spend the night in villages. Let us wake early and go to the vineyards and see if the vine is in blossom. There I will give you my love. The mandrakes will spray aroma and over our door will be precious fruit, new and old, which I have saved for you, my darling.

Famous Stones and Their Legends and History

Famous Stones and Their Legends and History Certain stones started out as dumb common boulders, like all the rest. But one day they got a lucky break, and now theyre genuine rock stars. Heres a few of them. Family pride leads me to start with Plymouth Rock, that sturdy icon of American strength and faith. Its a chunk of Dedham Granodiorite that, the legend goes, was sitting where John Alden of the Plymouth Colony first stepped on American soil in 1620. That great man is my ancestor 13 generations back, but I didnt learn this legend in my fathers lap; instead I read about it on some Web site. And the legend isnt actually true either. In fact Plymouth Rock is a fraction of its old self, having suffered many indignities during its up-and-down history. I prefer the idealized image of the rock in its better days, as shown on a souvenir plate from the John Alden Shop in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Surely no humbler-looking object has ever been depicted by the porcelain artists at Jonroth Co., England, unless they made a plate to commemorate mashed potatoes (which would be a good idea). Somewhat more exalted, if only in being higher off the ground, is the Blarney Stone, set in the battlement of Blarney Castle in Cork, Ireland. Kissing the stone gives you the gift of persuasive speech. Legend has it that this boulder is half of the Stone of Scone, awarded to the great Cormac McCarthy for supporting Robert the Bruce in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. A geologist recorded his judgment that the Blarney Stone is the same stuff as the rest of the castle, which is made of local limestone (a lower Carboniferous biomicrite, to be more precise). I swear its true, but the last time I checked the Web page documenting that, it had mysteriously vanished- something that almost never happens! Was the geologist himself talking blarney? Im not sure, because another legend has it that the true Blarney Stone was taken away, which means the geologist was looking at a sham stone. The Stone of Scone itself is the rock upon which the kings of Scotland were crowned, and the Scots know it as the Stone of Destiny. The English took it in 1296 when they conquered Scotland and had the stone built into the royal coronation chair to keep the tradition alive. (The stone was returned in 1996, but can be taken back whenever its time to crown a new monarch.) You see already that if the English took it in 1296, then Robert the Bruce could not have split it with Cormac McCarthy in 1314. The Stone of Destiny is a block of yellowish sandstone of uncertain origin. Legend traces it to ancient times as the very stone upon which Jacob laid his head in Genesis chapter 28, and thus it is a solid symbol of the Promised Land. But a legend says the stone the English took in 1296 was a fake! That would solve the discrepancy with the Blarney Stone- if we assume that one is also a fake. Perhaps the most exalted rock in every sense is the Black Stone of the Kaaba, a dark boulder set in silver on the wall of Islams central shrine, the Kaaba, in Mecca. It marks the starting point of the walk around the Kaaba at the heart of the holy pilgrimage called the hajj. Islamic experts make it clear that the Black Stone is not holy in itself. For instance, the Black Stone was once taken away for many years, and the hajj was not affected. (Perhaps the royals of the British Isles could learn from this.) The Black Stone has its own story, a good one. It is said that when the patriarchs Abraham and Ishmael were building the Kaaba, the stone was delivered to them by the archangel Michael. That story is consistent with the Black Stone being a meteorite, and indeed meteorites have been prized and revered by many different peoples around the world. But I wouldnt ask any Muslim, even a geologist, to waste one second of their hajj examining the stone to satisfy my curiosity. Scientists too have given names to stones- even geologists, who you think might know better. For example there are the rocks on Mars, sitting around the landers. But my favorite example is the roster of 162 sliding rocks of Racetrack Playa, in the California desert. Each one is being mapped with GPS technology by geologist Paula Messina of San Jose State University, and each of them bears a womans name. In fact each stone has its- I mean, her own Web site, and if thats not fame I dont know what is. Every year the stones are found sitting on the vast dry lakebed, but not in the same position. Behind each one is a shallow track in the cracked playa mud, proof that some rare combination of wind, water and physics animates them when no one is there to see. Thats no legend . . . merely a mystery. (But just in case youre keeping up, heres the latest and most plausible explanation.) PS: The Japanese created an art form out of stones: suiseki. The idea is to find natural stones that reproduce things like mountains, but on a desktop scale. Suiseki stones arent famous but they are beautiful, and sometimes quite valuable. See some examples of this Earth art.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 304

Assignment Example According to (Frank, 4) the west tries to depict they are much superior to the Middle East in culture since they view †Holy war† as act of terrorism which is associated with Islamic religion. The USA use Google earth to monitor the borders of Canada and Mexico. The border between USA and Mexico differs from that of Canada and USA in the context that. The border of Mexico is vast and sparsely populated while that of Canada and USA is less as compared to that of Mexico and population density is not sparse. Similarity is that both borders are being guarded by security agents. This difference and similarity in the borders is as result productivity of the land and between borders of illegal immigrants respectively After a year marked by riots over cartoon portrayals of Muhammad, a major terrorist attack in London, and continuing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, most Muslims and Westerners are convinced that relations between them are generally bad these days. Many in the West see Muslims as fanatical, violent, and as lacking tolerance. Meanwhile, Muslims in the Middle East and Asia generally see Westerners as selfish, immoral and greedy – as well as violent and fanatical. A rare point of agreement between Westerners and Muslims is that both believe that Muslim nations should be more economically prosperous than they are today. But they gauge the problem quite differently. Muslim publics have an aggrieved view of the West – they are much more likely than Americans or Western Europeans to blame Western policies for their own lack of prosperity. Nothing highlights the divide between Muslims and the West more clearly than their responses to the uproar this past winter over cartoon depictions of Muhammad. Most people in Jordan, Egypt, Indonesia and Turkey blame the controversy on Western nations’ disrespect for the Islamic religion. In contrast, majorities of Americans and Western Europeans who have heard of

Introduction to Woman's and gender studies Essay

Introduction to Woman's and gender studies - Essay Example Though it expounds broadly on the contributions of women towards the awarding of the right to vote to women, the documentary â€Å"One Woman, One Vote† does not expound on how men assisted women in juggling their right to vote demand. However, the narrative â€Å"the women’s suffrage movement† in Angela Davis’ book, â€Å"Women, Race and Class† provides detailed information on the contribution of men towards the success of women groups (Davis, 2011). Unity was one of the fundamental elements that lacked in the suffrage movement. Throughout the movement ensured that different groups of suffragettes worked against each other. For instance, one group of women fought for federal amendment whereas another one thought of working state by state. The variation in workability was as a result of the existence of variation in the group members. For instance, some groups consisted mainly of middle and upper class women whereas others constituted of only working class women. Unfortunately, this segregation in groupings only benefited the whites who did not want the black men to be liberated from slavery. According to the majority of the women, white women were supposed to vote because of their race. However, the formed groups also advantaged those who were not only educated, but also with monetary funds. Fortunately, all groups worked towards attaining the same goal; ensuring the movement succeeded despite their differences. The different demands of the women contributed significantly towards the success of the movement. For example the desire of the black women to get rid of the oppression they were going through made them participate effectively in their group towards ensuring that they had a chance of participating in voting. Additionally, black women wanted to take part in the voting exercise so that they can protect their bodies as well as lives from the

Some Sportsmen Are More Interested of Making Money Than Playing the Game Essay Example for Free

Some Sportsmen Are More Interested of Making Money Than Playing the Game Essay Spectator sports is very popular everywhere in the world. In Malaysia, the most popular one is football or soccer. Tennis and basketball are sports that have worldwide appeal. Fans are willing to pay a lot of money to see high quality sports. Thus, there has developed in the most popular sports a group of athletes known as professional sportsmen. They are paid for playing in a team. Their payments are not paltry sums. Professional sports is a very big business, and these sportsmen can demand very high salaries depending on how good and how popular they are. The best professional sportsmen in the United States are reported to be paid salaries that run into millions of dollars. There has been criticism that professional sportsmen are more interested in making money than playing the game. I do not agree with this criticism because of the very nature of their job, which is playing in a sporting team. To become a professional, you have to be the best talent available. Sports is a game where you cannot fake your ability. You must have natural talent and normally people who are highly talented in their field love what they are doing. A sportsman has to have passion and drive for his sports, or else his lack of enthusiasm will show in his performance. Besides, professional sports is a public game. When the sportsman does not perform well, his failure is seen by thousands, even millions of stadium and television viewers as in the case of football and badminton in Malaysia. Everyone from the man in the street to the newspaper sports writer will discuss his poor performance. Thus, every time a professional sportsman does not show interest in playing the game, his career is jeopardized. We must also remember that professional sportsmen have a short career as it is based on his physical strength and agility. A sportsman hits his prime in his 20s and by the time he is about 35 years old, his career is over. While in their prime, many of them try to make as much money as they can. Some make additional money by appearing in advertisements or promoting merchandise bearing their names. I do not think there is anything wrong with this. After all, their popularity and ability to make money this way depend on their reputation as a sportsman Due to the demand for their talent, professional sportsmen are highly paid. But the money they make is tightly linked to their ability to play the game. They cannot afford to be more interested in making money than in playing the game. If they slip in their performance as professional sportsmen, their career will soon be over.

Behavioral Outcomes in Abused Children Essay -- Effects of Child Abuse

The research at present was done to discover what types of behaviors are presented by abused children. Research has shown that there are not specific behaviors that an abused child will exhibit. However, there are certain behaviors that can be watched for by parents, caregivers, and other adults. These behaviors may be shown in the form of a problem child or the opposite in a quiet isolated child. The Effects of Child Abuse on Behavior Many people assume that there are specific behaviors associated with a child who is or has been abused. However, research shows that there are many different behaviors such children may exhibit. These behaviors are usually from one end of the spectrum or the other. However, no matter the type of behavior displayed by the child the abuse is very destructive to the child in many ways; psychologically and biologically. Their future will hold many problems in learning, emotions, and behavior (Brassard et al., 2009). It is important to remember that just because a child shows the same behaviors as an abused child does not mean that the child has been abused. Research being done on these behaviors only gives explanation of the behaviors but they are not certain to occur. Much research being completed is to help teachers, doctors, and others that work with children on a daily basis something to look for when child abuse is suspected. Each study that has been accomplished explains different behaviors and the reasons for them. These behaviors can manifest two main types of children; the problem child or the isolated child. Types of Abuse There are four main types of abuse; physical, sexual, psychological, and neglect. Physical or biological abuse is when violent actions are imposed to a child by th... ...onmgr14&vid=7&hid=18 Relich, R., Giblin, P. T., Starr, R. H., Jr, & Agronow, S. J. (1980). Motor and social behavior in abused and control children: observations of parent-child interactions. The Journal of Psychology, 106, 193-204. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mc.edu:2054/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&hid=18&sid=ecc52210-ab37-4879-91fb-601063008a50%40sessionmgr14 Sim, L., Friedrich, W. N., Davies, W. H., Trentham, B., Lengua, L., & Pithers, W. (2005, December ). The child behavior checklist as an indicator of posttraumatic stress disorder and dissociation in normative, psyhiatric, and sexually abused children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 697-705. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com Vandenberg, B., & Marsh, U. (2009). Aggression in youths: child abuse, gender, and SES. North American Journal of Psychology, 11, 437-442. Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com

Management practices Essay

A. Comparison Let’s take a look at some organizations/companies that won some awards regarding the excellence in management. For the supply chain excellence, the Starbuck’s Coffee chain having the strategy model of high-speed build-to-order delivery services has been recognized. The Starbuck’s Coffee won one of the dealings on the supply chain excellence; speed. To measure the excellence in management of the Starbuck’s Coffee, a checklist was made with all the criteria of being excellent in management as the standard basis. Criteria Starbucks (does the company possess the following) YES No Strategic Planning v Effective Delivery v Accountability v Innovation v Sustainability v Learning Culture v Measurement of Achievement v Workforce Development v Enterprise v Leadership v Customers Intimacy v Another example of a company that we will evaluate is the Mississippi Power. The Mississippi Power products become out of the market and become obsolete. The company faces the deflation when their product (electricity) dramatically goes down from a hundred dollars worth per unit to the price amounting of three dollars per unit. Criteria Mississippi Power YES No. Strategic Planning v Effective Delivery v Accountability v Innovation v Sustainability v Learning Culture v Measurement of Achievement v Workforce Development v Enterprise v Leadership v Customers Intimacy v The comparison showed by each checklist each of companies have shortly tells us whether they possess the qualities an excellence in management must acquire. An excellence in management in an organization must work out to its integrated range, the organizations NEEDS, the activities/projects RESULTS, human capital/organization WORKS, and the organizations COMPETENCE. Identification of needs must be considered first. After identifying these needs, will be the formulation of objectives that will satisfy the needs of the organization. The works to be done, processes, methods, approaches, to get these results come to the third step. Through the pursuit for excellence of the organization, it will eventually improve its competitiveness in the constantly changing market. As shown in the diagram, the first is to know the needs. The needs will determine the results and then the results will determine if the needs satisfy the resulting output (Barclay, 1997). Also shown in the diagram is the competence can be achieved through empowerment of leaders and managers to do the work (motivation of workers by the leaders and manager). And the work done would define the results. Vice versa, the results will dictate regarding the work, whether the work done is appropriate for the expected result or if there is a need for an improvement. Reference: Barclay, R. O. (1997). What is knowledge management? Retrieved June 19, 2007, from http://www. media-access. com/whatis.html Pollock, N. (2001). Knowledge Management: Next Step to Competitive Advantage – Organizational Excellence. Retrieved June 19, 2007, from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0KAA/is_5_30/ai_80747127 Resources, B. (2006). Developing an Accessible Technology Plan. Retrieved June 19, 2007, from http://www. microsoft. com/enable/business/plan. aspx Studies, F. (2004). Federation Study 2001: A Study of the Incentive Merchandise and Travel Marketplace Retrieved June 19, 2007, from http://www.incentivecentral. org/Federation_Study_2001__A_Study_of_the_Incentive_Merch. 457. 0. html William K. Redmon, A. M. E. D. (2005). Promoting Excellence through Performance Management. Retrieved June 19, 2007, from http://books. google. com. ph/books? id=cQaKwOyf0G4C&dq=Excellence+through+Performance+Management&pg=PP1&ots=KGWsYsAPQz&sig=XjSUTaKJeq1qndHXpyTrz5iq5vc&prev=http://www. google. com. ph/search%3Fhl%3Dtl%26q%3DExcellence%2Bthrough%2BPerformance%2BManagement%26meta%3D&sa=X&oi=print&ct=result&cd=1#PPP7,M1.

Understanding the Effective Primary Science Learning

In my experience the enthusiasm and appetency for acquisition of kids in their primary old ages is matchless which makes primary learning a truly fulfilling and honoring experience. However, high-quality instruction and good thought-out course of study development in these early old ages is important to kids ‘s success. With mentions to my ain experiences and through a critical analysis of the available literature, this paper will discourse how possible course of study development will heighten effectual primary learning with a specific focal point on the topic of scientific discipline. It will besides discourse some of the troubles in interpreting these constructs into pattern and see ways to get the better of these obstructions. Bettering a immature individuals ‘ apprehension of scientific discipline is cardinal to the authorities ‘s committedness to promote more kids to analyze scientific discipline. A good scientific discipline instruction is non merely of import for scientific literacy subsequently in life but by go oning to analyze scientific discipline throughout school, students open themselves up to a universe of possibilities ( Teachernet, 2009:1 ) . This committedness was ab initio exemplified through the debut of a National Curriculum in 1989 which asserted that compulsory scientific discipline instruction be brought into the primary sectors in England and Wales for the first clip. Science was placed alongside English and Mathematics in what became known as ‘the nucleus ‘ ( Sharp, J et Al. 2009:247 ) . However, from the beginning, it became clear that many schools had troubles in presenting the National Curriculum efficaciously. The course of study was viewed as excessively normative and overladen and hindered instructors ‘ ability to be originative and give adequate attending to the demands of kids with larning troubles. Assessment processs were besides debatable with a figure of instructors objecting to the National Curriculum trials ( DCSF, 2009:28 ) . To rectify the jobs associated with the National Curriculum there have been several alterations and reappraisals of it since its initial execution. For illustration, Sir Jim Rose ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:3 ) was invited to set about an ‘Independent reappraisal of the primary course of study ‘ with a position to doing some recommendations which will inform the new primary course of study to be introduced from September 2011. Indeed, a figure of writers have proffered suggestions for course of study development, the comparative virtues of which will be discussed in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to the Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:9 ) the course of study that primary kids are taught must let them to bask childhood and develop the indispensable accomplishments and cognition which are the foundations for secondary instruction and ulterior life. To accomplish this, the new course of study must be informed by an apprehension of the meshing ways in which kids learn – physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially, and spiritually between the ages of 5 and 11. In add-on, a well-planned, dynamic course of study acknowledges that primary kids â€Å" love to be challenged and engaged in practical activities ; and they readily empathise with others through working together and through experiences in humanistic disciplines, literature, spiritual instruction and much else. Primary kids must non merely larn what to analyze, they must besides larn how to analyze, and therefore go confident, self-restraining persons † . Although the topic of scientific discipline ( and most other topics ) has antecedently been content-driven, in position of the above paragraph it is possibly non surprising that recent course of study developments seem to be embracing a more holistic attack equilibrating ‘content ‘ with ‘process ‘ and concentrating on accomplishments development every bit good as the acquisition of cognition. This recent development is likely to hold been influenced by instructors concern that because the bing course of study has so much prescribed content they do non hold clip to learn it in deepness, or for kids to consolidate their acquisition. Consequently, a cardinal demand of this reappraisal is to cut down overload by â€Å" reexamining the current programmes of survey so that schools have greater flexibleness to run into students ‘ single demands and construct on their anterior acquisition † ( DCSF, 2009:10 ) . A greater focal point on ‘process ‘ enables kids to go more involved in hands-on activity and practical work and encourages kids to research their ain and others ‘ thoughts. Concept function, group work, utilizing computing machine plans, function drama, field work and authorship are besides of import vehicles for assisting kids develop their ain thoughts ( Wynne, 1999:14 ) . Indeed, promoting echt collaborative group activity is of import to accomplishing the sort of interchange that encourages thoughts ( Barnes, 1976, cited in Wynne, 1999:58 ) . Harmonizing to Barnes ( 1976:31 ) â€Å" Talk and authorship provide agencies by which kids are able to reflect upon the bases upon which they are construing world and thereby change them † . Henderson ( 1994, cited in Wynne, 1999:58 ) has suggested several schemes for advancing group coaction and category treatment, including: groups researching a subject and showing their findings ; groups be aftering an probe and sharing their thoughts. Another recommendation made by the Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:46 ) can enable greater flexibleness for instructors, increase enjoyment and better acquisition development for students. Harmonizing to Ofsted and the QCA study ( DCSF, 2009:12 ) some of the most effectual acquisition occurs when connexions are made between topics. This is supported by Millar and Osborne ( 1998, cited in Sharp and Grace, 2004:313 ) who assert that uranology for illustration, can supply the ‘explanatory narratives ‘ that integrated whole sets of science-related every bit good as modern-day and historical instance surveies, and these narratives provide a cross-curricular tool for doing those constructs more memorable. A little rural Shropshire primary school is a specific illustration of successful cross-curricular activity in schools. In this school the environment was often used for a broad scope of out-of-door chases, such as field surveies of home grounds, forestry direction, and the landscape which brought together elements of geographics, scientific discipline and history ( DCSF, 2009:42 ) . My school excessively uses the out-of-doorss creatively for turning and analyzing workss and this has proved to be a really gratifying and successful acquisition experience for students. Cassop Primary School ( DCSF, 2009:48 ) is besides an first-class illustration of a school which has been able to unite topics to the enjoyment and advancement of students and lend significantly to the environment. The school is the first wind-powered school in the UK and its environmental programme has helped to heighten acquisition in scientific discipline and engineering and environmental apprehension so that â€Å" students are able to explicate clearly the scientific discipline underpinning the engineering, while as a focal point for larning they develop accomplishments in question, concluding and creativeness † . This enables kids to set up good attitudes to larning ( DCSF, 2009:49 ) and facilitates the ability to larn non merely what to analyze, but besides how to analyze as portion of a rewarding procedure. Another recommendation is to utilize drama in a productive and meaningful manner to heighten kids ‘s cognition of scientific discipline. The Rose reappraisal received many petitions from parents to supply more chances for exploratory, well-structured drama. Based on strong grounds, the interim study highlighted the importance of larning through drama for immature kids and proffered that the intents of drama in advancing acquisition should be made expressed and chances made to carry through them in the primary course of study ( DCSF, 2009:93 ) . It is of import to observe that these schemes are improbable to be implemented efficaciously without the full engagement of parents themselves. The Rose Review ( DCSF, 2009:17 ) asserts that kids thrive best when parenting, the course of study and teaching method are all of high quality and has observed a figure of illustrations of instructors and parents partaking in informal treatment about kids. The Cambridge Review ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:20 ) besides recommends that kids themselves should hold a say in course of study design and planning. Lambeth Children and Young People ‘s Services suggested that the course of study needs to promote a more meaningful and relevant course of study, including our apprehension of how kids learn, and inquiring for their position and input in design. Gilbert et Al. ( 1982, cited in Sharp and Grace, 2004:313 ) support this position and assert that serious consideration should be devoted to understanding kids ‘s involvement and motive in the different content countries of scientific discipline. So far, this assignment has explored some of the schemes recommended by authorities and their part to the acquisition and development of kids through scientific discipline. However, there are a figure of obstructions within the instruction system which can smother the passage from policy to pattern and these will be discussed in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to Roden ( 2000:31 ) ten old ages on from the execution of the National Curriculum there does look to hold been some important betterments. Children are accomplishing expected criterions of scientific discipline, as measured by public presentations on SAT ‘s trials and teacher appraisal at the terminal of Key Stage 2. However, in 2009, England has a statutory National Curriculum for the primary stage with non-statutory elements, which combines three nucleus topics, two of which ( mathematics and English ) are capable to separate agreements in chase of the ‘standards ‘ docket and take up half of the available instruction clip in structured lessons. The other seven statutory foundation topics and three non-statutory foundation topics are expected to be accommodated for during the other half of available instruction clip ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:5, 6 ) . In contrast to daily literacy and numeracy lessons speaking half of the available instruction clip, NAIGS estimated that clip devoted to scientific survey now equated to merely 1.5 hours a hebdomad at Key Stages 1 and merely 2 hours at KS2. This instruction tended to be limited to afternoon slots with small learning support ( Alexander and Flutter, 2009:30 ) . Therefore, although the increased focal point on cross-curricular activiti es may let instructors to pass more clip on scientific chases within a tight timeframe, it can be really hard to guarantee that kids are provided with a good balance of both ‘process ‘ and ‘content ‘ oriented work particularly given the increased focal point on SATs.. Indeed, Hollins and Whitby ( 1998, cited in Roden, 2000:34 ) point out that although ‘process ‘ and ‘content ‘ are supposed to be given equal weighting, recent statutory educational duties have encouraged the usage of didactic methods of learning to the hurt of question acquisition which reduces chances for kids to widen their apprehension. Appraisal at Key Stage 1 and KS2 relies to a great extent on instructor appraisal which holds equal position with pronounced Standards Attainment Tests ( SATs ) . The focal point within SATs requires callback of factual information which has led to ‘teaching to the trials ‘ ( Roden, 2000:34 ) and I know I have been guilty of holding done the same thing myself because kids merely would non make good in trials otherwise. Another concern is the deficiency of assurance that primary instructors frequently have in learning scientific subjects. In a national study of 514 primary instructors in Scotland primary instructors were less confident about learning scientific discipline than about all other course of study countries and felt that their ain apprehension was non sufficient plenty to promote conceptual development in students ( Holroyd, 1996:323 ) . Newton and Newton ( 2009:45 ) , in their survey of 16 concluding twelvemonth pupils on a degree class taking to measure up instructor position in the UK besides found that constructs of school scientific discipline lessons were narrow, focused on chiefly practical probes of affair of fact, and included misconceptions. The analysis so far, has shown that although there are a figure of possible course of study developments which could lend to the academic development of the kid and heighten their enjoyment of acquisition, the limited sum of clip allowed for learning scientific discipline, the force per unit area to accomplish high criterions in assessment trials, and the deficiency of assurance and cognition of scientific topics characterised by some instructors, can impede the passage from policy to pattern. However, there are some schemes that can be implemented in order to get down to get the better of the challenges encountered by primary scientific discipline instructors and these will be explored in the undermentioned paragraphs. Harmonizing to Wilson et Al. ( 2004:20 ) the impression that a more originative and ambitious attack will ensue in greater accomplishment in SATs was the footing of an Oxford Brookes University undertaking. It was felt that giving kids chances to build their ain apprehension would increase their enthusiasm for scientific discipline and assist them prosecute in the scientific procedure. This has clear resonance with ‘Excellence and Enjoyment ‘ ( DfES, 2003:1 ) a scheme for primary schools which opens with the words: â€Å" Children learn better when they are excited and engagedaˆÂ ¦.when there is joy in what they are making, they learn to love acquisition † . The undertaking involved 16 schools and two key instructors within each school. The cardinal countries that the undertaking focused on were: More focussed recording by the kids ; increased clip spent in treatment and argument of scientific thoughts ; more chances for practical probe ; and an increased accent on developing kids ‘s higher order thought ( Wilson et al. 2004:21 ) . The more focussed recording has released clip in lessons for making scientific discipline and treatment of the large thoughts which leads to further development of scientific cognition and accomplishments. In ‘Challenges in primary scientific discipline ‘ ( Coates and Wilson, 2003, cited in Wilson et Al. 2004:21 ) a short ‘bright thoughts ‘ slot into primary scientific discipline lessons is suggested. Promoting the kids to ‘think, brace and so portion ‘ for this slot encourages them to take clip to believe and improves deepnesss to their replies. As a consequence of the undertakings recommendations, 13 of the 16 schools showed a important addition in the per centum of kids accomplishing degree 5. Nationally, the per centum of kids achieving degree 5 in 2003 increased by 3 per cent, but 11 of the participating schools showed an addition much greater than this ( Wilson et al. 2004:21 ) . In decision, this assignment has critically assessed the available literature on possible course of study development for the sweetening of kids ‘s acquisition in primary scientific discipline. Recent reappraisals have recommended that primary scientific discipline learning be less content-led and more process-driven, advance the advantages of cross-curricular instruction and promote greater flexibleness in ‘what ‘ and ‘how ‘ scientific discipline is taught. There are a figure of illustrations to exemplify the effectivity of these attacks in primary schools. However, there are besides a figure of troubles associated with seeking to practically implement these schemes in an educational environment whereby many instructors lack the assurance and accomplishments to learn scientific discipline efficaciously, which still allocates limited clip for the instruction of scientific discipline and puts force per unit area on instructors to guarantee that students à ¢â‚¬Ëœ perform good in content-driven appraisal trials. The Oxford Brookes Project does propose some ways for scientific discipline instructors to believe creatively in this comparatively constricted environment and these have proved successful at developing the ‘whole ‘ kid and bettering academic attainment. However, such efforts are likely to stay bit-by-bit unless the position of scientific discipline is raised to be that of English and Mathematics ; clip is ring-fenced to supply adequate chance for practical work ; assessment trials place greater accent on appraisal accomplishments ; and more preparation is made available for instructors to better their scientific cognition and assurance.

A Timeline of Textile Machinery Inventions

A Timeline of Textile Machinery Inventions The  Industrial Revolution  was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. During this transition, hand production methods changed to machines and new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes were introduced. Water power efficiency improved and the increasing use of  steam power increased. Machine tools were  developed and the factory system was on the rise.  Textiles  were the main industry of the Industrial Revolution as far as employment, the value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.  The Industrial Revolution began in  Great Britain  and most of the important technological innovations were British. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life changed in some way. Average income and population began to grow exponentially. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the  standard of living  for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, but others have said that it did not begin to really improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.  At approximately the same time the Industrial Revolution was occurring, Britain was undergoing an  agricultural revolution, which also helped to improve living standards and provided surplus labor available for industry. Textile Machinery Several inventions in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short time period during the Industrial Revolution. Here is a timeline highlighting some of them: 1733  Flying shuttle  invented by John Kay:  an improvement to looms that enabled weavers to weave faster.1742  Cotton mills were first opened in England.1764  Spinning jenny  invented by James Hargreaves:  the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel.1764  Water frame  invented by Richard Arkwright:  the first powered textile machine.1769  Arkwright patented the water frame.1770  Hargreaves patented the Spinning Jenny.1773  The first all-cotton textiles were produced in factories.1779  Crompton invented the  spinning mule  that allowed for greater control over the weaving process.1785  Cartwright patented the  power loom.  It was improved upon by William Horrocks, known for his invention of the variable speed batton in 1813.1787  Cotton goods production had increased 10 fold since 1770.1789  Samuel Slater  brought textile machinery design to the US.1790  Arkwright built the first steam-powered textile factory in Nottingham, Engla nd.1792  Eli Whitney invented the  cotton gin:  the machine that automated the separation of cottonseed from the short-staple cotton fiber. 1804  Joseph Marie Jacquard  invented the Jacquard Loom that weaved complex designs. Jacquard invented a way of automatically controlling the warp and weft threads on a silk loom by recording patterns of holes in a string of cards.1813  William  Horrocks invented the variable speed batton (for an improved power loom).1856  William Perkin invented the first synthetic dye.

Big Five Personality And Adolescents Daily Development Psychology Essay

Big Five Personality And Adolescents Daily Development Psychology Essay According to J. Belsky’s (1984) process model of parenting, both adolescents’ and parents’ personality should exert a significant impact on the quality of their mutual relationship. Using multi-informant, symmetric data on the Big Five personality traits and the relationship quality of mothers, fathers, and two adolescent children, the current study set out to test this prediction. Adolescents’ agreeableness and parents’ extraversion emerged as predictors of relationship warmth, whereas parents’ openness emerged as a predictor of low restrictive control. In addition, some gender-specific effects emerged. Overall, parents’ and adolescents’ traits equally predicted the amount of relationship warmth, whereas adolescents’ unique personality more strongly predicted the amount of restrictive control. The predictive power of adolescents’ personality increased with age. Personality characteristics that affected relationsh ip quality were partly shared between parents and their adolescent children. Findings support Belsky’s (1984) notion that both parents’ and children’s personality predict the quality of their mutual relationship, though the relative predictive power of children and parents depends on the type of outcome variable and the age of the children. (Denissen, J. J. A., van Aken, M. A. G. & Dubas, J. S. (2009). Introduction According to Schults& Schults (2009), there are 5 factors contained in McCrae and Costa’s big five personality factors. They are Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. In short, it can be called OCEAN. Each alphabet represents one factor. According to McCrae and Costa’s theory, a neurotic may show that one is worried, insecure, and nervous. As for extraverts, they may portray that they are sociable, able to mix-around, and talkative. For those who are open to experience, they are creative and daring in pursuing anything that interests them. A person that is agreeable, he or she is basically good-natured, easy-going towards others and softhearted. Lastly, people with conscientiousness portray that they are careful, both reliable and hardworking. Aim of Research paper The aim of this paper is to know the big five personality development or five factor models that affects adolescence. Besides that, by using the OCEAN theory, in what way can we understand adolescence? Therefore, we will be studying the big five theory that affects the relationships between adolescence and their parents, exploring how maturity in them (adolescence) affect themselves and the surrounding, and the link between empathy and big 5 links with adolescence. Because of parents are involved in one of the study, we will be exploring a little on big five development have on adults. However, it is important to note that the main focus will be on adolescence. Empathy and big 5 personality in adolescence Empathy is a ssociated as tools for controlling aggression in adolescence. In today’s personality research, the five factor model is considered to be dominant, with lots of it being applied. According to the findings obtained, empathy and friendliness has large correlation. In other words, it refers to male and female, boys and girls. There is also positive correlation with conscientiousness, energy, and openness to experience has also been observed. There are about 832 children aged between 12-17 years old participated in the study. It was composed of 408 boys and 424 girls. Questionnaires were distributed in the classroom and administered by a certified psychologist. As for the measurements, The Spanish version of Bryant’s empathy Index for children and adolescents and Big Five Questionnaire were given to them. (Barrio, V. D., Anton, A. & Garcia L. F. 2004)

Implementation of ecotourism principles in Pembrokeshire Coastal Research Paper

Implementation of ecotourism principles in Pembrokeshire Coastal National Park - Research Paper Example arch is carried out which discusses about the implementation of ecotourism in Pembrokeshire Coastal National Park (PCNP) and the reasons why it has been referred as an ecotourism site. The procedure thus followed in this project is mainly secondary and descriptive research followed by primary research.  (Visit Prembrokeshire 2009; Prembrokeshire coast National Park, n.d.; Stopher and Metcalf, 1996)    Primary data being a direct source of information is more reliable as it is collected directly by interviewing the relevant person or from government records. There is no possibility of the data being modified by a third party and this helps in deciding which analytical techniques to use and how to interpret the results. There cannot be a better way to study the tourism industry, which is formed by tourists from different cultural and emotional background, and whether they as well as the local people are aware of the importance of sustainable development and their views about the implementation of ecotourism. At times, much relevant information cannot be gathered from official sources. First- hand information hence can be more apt.   But one disadvantage of primary research is that, it may not be always possible for individuals to travel due to time and financial constraints. (Ithaca College library, August 2009) The secondary research done here is based on existing works in this field. The resources are gathered from government publications, books, journals and articles of the United Nations Environment Program and economic periodicals. This is the very essence of secondary research. Such a research is advantageous as it saves time and money incurred for the research with easy and fast  collection of data. Often secondary data is available for broad subjects about which it would be impossible to gather primary data. But the negatives lies in the fact that the quality of secondary research need to be scrutinized as the source is questionable and there is a