Climate Change and Food Security

Climate Change and Food Security INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Our activities are inimical to the environment, our daily work and behaviour domestically, industrially and even agriculturally threatens the stability of environment as well as balance of the ecosystem. We often burn bushes to farm, we practice agriculture without due regard to the environment (oil), we cut/fell trees down without knowing that we are altering the eco- system and nature. All these human activities are threatening the nature and at the end, we ourselves are to face the consequences and are to be blamed. (Professor David Ukali, chairman of NEST, Nov, 2010) David Ukali’s statement explains how human activities lead to the backlash we experience in our environment today. Man suffers various environmental changes as a result of inappropriate agricultural practices coupled with unscrupulous destructions of various important elements in the environment. Climate change is perhaps the most serious environmental threat to the fight against hunger, malnutrition, disease and poverty in Africa, mainly through its impact on agricultural productivity. Climate change is one of the most serious environmental threats facing mankind worldwide. Climate change may already be impacting Nigeria as manifested by increased flooding, delayed rains, enhanced desertification, increasing bush fires and food insecurity.It affects agriculture in several ways, including its direct impact on food production. Climate change which is attributable to the natural climate cycle and human activities, has adversely affected agricultural productivity in Africa (Zierv ogel et al. 2006). That there is a change in the global climatic system is no longer in doubt. For instance, the periods we used to have rain have changed its proportion in terms of sun rays and that is why it has been generally agreed that this climate change which is posing the greatest threat to man and life on planet earth is gaining acceptance and that in the coming decade the world will witness higher temperatures and changing in precipitation levels which would lead to low/ poor agricultural income. The issue of climate change has become more threatening not only to the sustainable development of socio-economic and agricultural activities of any nation but to the totality of human existence (Adejuwon, 2004). Rough estimates suggest that over the next 50years or so climatic change will likely have a serious threat to meeting global food needs than any other constraints on agricultural system. (IPCC; 2007, BNRCC, 2008). Available evidence shows that climate change is global; sea level rose about 17 centimetres (6.7 inches) in the last century and the rate has doubled in the last decade, there has been a rise in the global temperature even though the 2000s witnessed a solar output decline resulting in an unusually deep solar minimum in 2007-2009, surface temperatures continue to increase, glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska and Africa, likewise its impacts but the most adverse effects will be felt mainly by developing countries, especially those in Africa, due to their low level of coping capabilities (Nwafor 2007; Jagtap 2007). Nigeria is viewed as one of these developing countries (Odjugo, 2010). Nigeria is experiencing adverse climate conditions with adverse impacts on the welfare of millions of its population, as the planet warms, rainfall patterns shift, and extreme events such as droughts, floods, and forest fires become more frequent (Zoellick 2009). Many African countries, which have their economies largely based on weather- sensitive Agricultural production system like Nigeria, are particularly vulnerable to climate change (Dinar et al, 2008). This vulnerability has been demonstrated by the devastating effects of recent flooding in the Niger- Delta region of the country and the various prolonged drought that are currently witnessed in some part of Northern region. According to Olanrewaju (2003), climatic change is any form of long term climatic inconsistency. The recent changes in the climate have been linked with the increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) on the atmosphere in addition to anthropogenic activities and support emissions of other artificial chlorocarbons (Olanrewaju, 2003). Climate change is also believed to result from the effect of global warming on the environment. Global warming is regarded by many people to be the most serious environmental challenge of modern times (Giddens, 2006). Global warming refers to the gradual rise of the earth’s average temperature due to changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere; it is believed to be caused in parts by humans, because the gases that have built up and altered the earth’s atmosphere are the ones produced in large quantities by human activities. Global warming means that many dry areas are going to get drier and wet areas are going to get wetter. â€Å"Climate change in Nigeria is a ticking time bomb and it exists little or even nothing to mitigate its effects.†(Nnimmo Bassey, Nigeria.) Peer-reviewed research accepted by the Journal of Geography and Regional Planning concludes that Nigeria’s average temperature has risen by 1.7 degrees in the period 1901-2005. The inc rease has been higher in the semi-arid regions and lower in the coastal zone; the rate of change has increased since the 1970s. The consequence for the Nigerian people is a geographical pincer threat from desertification in the north and coastal erosion in the south. Through a combination of overgrazing, abuse of woodland for fuel and increasingly unreliable rainfall, the Sahara is advancing at an estimated rate of 600 meters per annum, rising sea levels threaten Nigeria’s coastal regions the Niger Delta may be the source of oil wealth but its low-lying terrain crisis-crossed with waterways makes it extremely vulnerable to flooding and salinization i.e. the build-up of salts in soil eventually to toxic level for plant. Food security is the outcome of food system processes all along the food chain; climate change will affect food security through its impacts on all components of global, national and local food system. The definition of food security as adopted at the World Food Summit (WFS) in November 1996 says that; â€Å"food security exists when all people at all times have physical or economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life† ( FAO, 1996). One of the biggest threats is growing climate unpredictability, which makes subsistence farming difficult, the impact of the change will be difficult to handle and it will be potentially very long lasting,Droughts are getting worse and climate uncertainty is growing, Climate change is thus an unprecedented threat to food security (Medugu, 2013). Arid and semi-arid areas in northern Nigeria are becoming drier, while the southern part of the country are getting wetter, as the weather gets warmer most of the aquatic life, the fish, tend to seek colder waters thereby emptying Nigeria’s vast waters of marine resources, and which by extension means Nigeria’s reliance on imported fish and other sea foods increases. Climate change often appears very esoteric but in Nigeria; it is real, Currently there is an increasing incidence of disease, declining agricultural productivity, and rising incidences of heat waves (Stringer et al., 2009). The threat that climate change poses to agricultural production does not only cover the area of crop husbandry but also includes livestock and in fact the total agricultural sector. The impacts of climate change on agriculture can be classified into biophysical and socioeconomic impact (Khanal, 2009). Climate can also affect the quantity and quality of feed stuffs such as pasture, forage, and grain and also the severity and distribution of livestock diseases and parasite (Niggol and Mendelsohn 2008). Climate change impacts the four key dimensions of food security, namely food availability, food stability, food accessibility, and food utilization. According to vision 2020 as declared by the government of late president Umar Musa Yar’dua in October 2009 stated that; â€Å"by 2020 Nigeria will have a large, strong, diversified, sustainable and competitive economy that effectively harness the talents and energies of its people and responsibly exploits its natural endowments to guarantee a high standard of living and quality of life to its citizens† the declared aims of Nigeria’s national agricultural policy are; firstly attain food security, secondly increase production and productivity, thirdly generate employment and income and fourthly expand exports and reduce food imports thereby freeing resources for critical infrastructure development and delivery of social services. To achieve this aims, the problem of climate change as to be curtailed so as to enhance future possibilities of economic development and growth which is the major goal of the country. 1.2 Statement of the Problem In Nigeria, agriculture has tended to be the main source of food, and a major source of industrial raw material, as well as the means of earning foreign exchange. It employs close to 70% of the Nigeria’s population. Agricultural practice in the country is predominantly rain-fed and therefore particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and a study report by ( Harvard Business School) HBS in 2010 predicted that under a business as-usual scenario, Nigeria’s agricultural productivity could decline by between 10-25% by 2080, in certain parts a decline in rain-fed agriculture could be as high as 50%, exposure to extreme events makes subsistence and small scale farmers most vulnerable to climate change because of their limited capacity to adapt. Therefore, Nigeria’s vulnerability will be in two ways: The resulting impacts of climate change The impact of response measures this is because Nigeria’s economy is highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing, export and consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy-intensive products. As a result of the global climatic change, Nigeria has been affected greatly as there has been variations in the weather condition and also the frequent flooding that have led to the destruction of properties and also death of many Nigerians especially in the riverine area of the country. 1.3 Research Questions The research questions for the study are as follows; 1) What is the relationship between climate change and food security? 2) What has been the effect of global climate change on food security in Nigeria? 3) What is the impact of climate change on food security in Ogun State? Objectives of the Study The primary objective is to examine global climate change and how it affects food security in Ogun State, Nigeria. It can be achieved through the following. 1) Explaining the relationship between climate change and food security 2) Identifying and analysing the effects of global climate change on food security in Ogun State. 3) Illustrating the impact of climate change on food security in Ogun state Research Hypotheses For the purpose of this research some hypotheses are intended to be formulated and tested. The hypotheses are drawn from the objective research questions of the study. The hypotheses are: Hypothesis one: H0: global climate change does not have a great impact on food security in Ogun State H1: global climate change has a great impact on food security in Ogun State Hypothesis two: H0: Adequate efforts have not been made to reduce the effects of global climate change on food security in Ogun State. H1: Adequate efforts have been made to refuse the effects of global climate change on food security in Ogun State. Significance of the Study Every research work is a contribution to already existing knowledge. Therefore, as the world is dynamic and problems are a continuous part of man’s existence and people will always continue to struggle for survival and as a result of this people will always be moved to investigate and factors responsible for such problems and then going beyond this to proffer solutions for this problems. In as much as global climate change remains prevalent in our country today and threatens the availability of food in the society, it is therefore pertinent to carry out this study so as to bring to the awareness and understanding of people the importance of a good agricultural system and environmental consciousness. Scope of the Study The scope of the study is primarily on global climate change and its impact on food security in Nigeria especially in Ogun state. It will examine the causes and consequence of the phenomenon of climate change and how it has generously affected the availability of food in Ogun state. 1.8 Limitation of the Study The limitation to this study has been inaccessibility to data, time involvement in unplanned activities such as school meetings, seminars and so on. Methodology of the Study Secondary sources of data shall be employed in this work and they include; relevant books concerning the topic, newspaper, journal articles, magazines, encyclopaedias and the internet shall be made use of. Primary sources of data would also be used as the topic of study is a recent phenomenon and is still in occurrence on daily basis and so the effects would be studied by visits to the rural areas of Ogun states where agricultural practices are happening and also, primary tools would be applied as interviews would be conducted and questionnaires would be distributed. Sources of Data Collection Secondary sources of data are employed in this work and they include; relevant books concerning the topic, newspaper, journal articles, magazines, encyclopaedias and the internet shall be made use of. Primary sources of data would also be used as the topic of study is a recent phenomenon and is still in occurrence on daily basis. Sources of Data Collection The effects of global climate change are studied by frequent visits to the rural areas of Ogun states where agricultural practices are happening and also, primary tools would are applied as interviews would be conducted and questionnaires would be distributed. Interviews are conducted with the commissioner of agriculture in Ogun State; Mrs Ronke Shokefun and the commissioner of environment; Dr Lanre Tejuoso. Techniques of Data Analysis Descriptive form of data analysis is employed in this project work as am going to be describing phenomenon that is in existence. Descriptive method of data analysis describes systematically the fact, qualities, characteristics of a given population, event or area of interest as factually and accurately as possible to proffer answers to questions asked by the problem of study. This study describes the events of global climate change and how it has taken a prominent position in affecting food security. Outline Of Study This research is made up of five chapters and each chapter analyses the following: Chapter one focuses on the introductory aspect of the research work which discusses the following: background of study, statement of problem, research questions, significance of study, scope and limitation of study, objectives of the study, research methodology and so on. Chapter two attempts a literature review and discusses the theoretical framework. In this chapter we will be analysing previous arguments that have been laid out by scholars in the field of this study and so be using a thematic structure to help further our understanding of the phenomenon of this study. The literature review aspect of this chapter helps the researcher to relate with the scholarly works and writings in the field of study while the theoretic framework helps the researcher base his research on a specific theory that is in line and helps to further explain his research. Chapter three is an overview of global climate change and its effect on food and food security that is the major changes that have been experienced since the inception of climate change in Nigeria especially in Ogun State. Also, how it has disrupted the production and distribution of food in the society focusing mainly on the effects of global climate change and food security in Ogun state, Chapter four focuses on the analyses of data gathered and thorough explanation of the results gotten from the statistical data. Chapter five attempts summary of the study and makes recommendation, it also concludes the work. REFERENCES Ansel, E. Taofeeq A. (2010).†Challenges of Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change in Nigeria† a Synthesis from the Literature  », Field Actions Science Reports [Online], Vol. 4, 2010, retrieved on 17 December 2012 from http://factsreports.revues.org/678/volume 4. Apata, T.G. (2011) â€Å"Effect of global climate change on Nigerian agriculture: An empirical analysis† CBN journal of applied statistics, volume 2 number1 pp.31-45. Ayinde, O. Muchie, M. Olatunji, G. (2011). â€Å"Effects of climate change on agricultural productivity in Nigeria: A Co- integration Model Approach† Journal of Human Ecology volume 35 number 3, pp.189- 194. Medugu, N. (2012) â€Å"Nigeria and Global Climate Change issues† as retrieved on the 28th of August 2013, from the website http://environmentalsynergy.wordpress.com/2012/07/01/nigeria-and-global-climate-change-issues/ Odjugo, A.O. (2011) â€Å"Climate change and global warming: the Nigerian perspective† journal of sustainable development and environmental protection, volume 1 number 1 pp.6- 17. Odjugo, A.O. (2010). â€Å"Regional Evidence Of climate change in Nigeria† journal of geography and regional planning volume 3 number 6, pp.142-150. Oyinbo, O, Rekwot, G.Z, Ugbagbe, O.O (2013). â€Å"Socio- Economic Implications Of Climate Change On Food Security And Livelihood in Nigeria : A Desk Review. Department of Agricultural and Economics and Rural Sociology Faculty Of Agriculture/ Institute For Agricultural Research. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Yusuf, N. (2012) â€Å"Climate change, social transition and Nigeria’s economic development† journal of international NGO volume7, number 2, pp.35-38. Climate Change; Challenge For Nigeria’s Food Security retrieved form http://bivnze.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/climate-change-challenge-for-nigerias-food-security National Planning Commission, Nigeria’s vision 20: 2020, October 2009. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Global Climate Change; Vital signs of the planet, July 2013. 1

Perfect Blue Essay

Introduction I will be investigating Marcus Hamilton, an associate of my uncle, who is in the career of web design. As a web designer, Marcus creates and arranges the pages that make up a website. He often has to balance how a page looks versus how a web page functions, which can involve some compromises. One of his recent acknowledgements is website accessibility; this refers to creating web pages that are accessible to anyone, no matter what device they are using. Website accessibility also stresses the importance of making a website accessible to those with any kind of disability. Marcus works for a website design company called â€Å"Perfect Blue†, he usually works from home and so his work can sometimes invade his personal life as his employer expects lots more work to be done than in the time span of a normal 9am-5pm job. Internet Description of technology The Internet is the worldwide, freely accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents that runs over the Internet. With a web browser, a user can view Web pages that may contain text, images, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. E-mail allows the user to send and receive messages which may include images, documents or video via a telephone signal. Additionally, web based messengers such as windows live messenger allow the user to communicate with contacts through the internet. Advantages He can publish anything which he creates online. It is easy to use.   Search engines that are fast and powerful for finding resources. Ability to link to him and contacts almost immediately.   He can buy/download the latest software for web design.   He can use email to transfer files without the need to leave his home. Disadvantages   Search engines that show results based on who pays them the most. Speed takes precedence over quality.   Personal information being accessed by others.   Malware such as adware or spyware become a nuisance and can be very harmful.   Spam – receiving many unnecessary and useless emails. Professional needs and effect on working style Marcus needs to be able to transfer his completed work back and forth from home to work when his employer demands them and when he does not want to go to work. He can attach the files, which his employer needs, to an email and send them without having to go to work. He can also use Windows Live Messenger to send the files to his employer without going to work. Marcus needs to be able to view his work when it is in progress as his customers would, he needs to do this to make improvements or fix bugs. To do this he uses a web browser and navigates to the website, he then tests the website by navigating around it, searching for errors or where improvements need to be made. Since the internet is what his work depends upon, it is very good at meeting Marcus’ professional needs. Marcus can choose his working hours and so can wrap his work around his social life, to a certain extent. Additionally, the same aspect of the internet can be interpreted as an obligation of if working at home that he is forced to complete his work at home, this is highly conflicting with his personal life. Personal needs Marcus needs to be able to be able to update his music collection with the new songs without having to buy a CD album with unwanted tracks on it. Marcus uses iTunes to buy and download songs from the iTunes Music Store and can easily update his collection. Marcus needs to be able to withdraw and deposit from his bank account when it is difficult to get to the bank or when it is closed. He uses online banking to perform transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society’s secure website. This allows him to do his banking outside of bank hours and from anywhere where Internet access is available. And he does not need any special software or hardware to do this. The technology has drastically improved the personal fulfilment of Marcus’ needs. He can easily update his music collection and can perform banking wherever there is internet. Marcus’ needs are easily met with the internet but sometimes his professional life can reduce the time which he has to indulge in his personal amusements. As he may have to complete some work and so would not have necessary time to satisfy his personal needs. Also hackers may easily obtain his banking details and so could perform identity theft which is a huge risk. Social Marcus needs to communicate with his friends when they are otherwise unavailable or if it is expensive to use the telephone. Marcus can use Windows Live Messenger or email to freely communicate with his friends when the need arises. In Windows Live Messenger he can chat to friends in real-time and he can even have a video call with the aid of a webcam and a microphone. He can/may have to also communicate with his colleagues or his employer and provide progress information. The internet has improved the way in which Marcus communicates with his friends and family and his general social needs very well. The recent development of video calls has proven to have become superior to voice only calls as it is almost as if the communicators were in the same room. However, the fact that Marcus’ employer uses the same technology renders it quite irritating as his employer can contact him when he is not working and can make further demands when he is chatting with friends. To avoid conversing with his employer he can block him from Windows Live Messenger but this is not possible in email and his employer can almost contact him at any time. Digital Camera Description of Technology A digital camera is an electronic device used to capture and store photographs electronically instead of using photographic film like conventional cameras. Modern compact digital cameras are usually multifunctional, with some devices capable of recording sound and/or video as well as photographs. Advantages   The digital camera allows flexibility, instant images and picture possibilities that did not exist earlier.   Since there is essentially no film cost, the digital camera allows you to shoot fancifully over and over until you get it right. The cost never enters into your thinking.   The real-time visual image which shows you almost exactly what you are getting is a photographer’s dream. You see the picture in color on an LCD screen before you take it and also immediately after you take it. You can shoot for ten minutes, review what you just shot, then shoot for another ten minutes.   Also you can turn the lens around 180 degrees so that you can take self-portraits and see accurately what you will get at the same time, this was impossible before.   If you want to exhibit your work you can simply put your pictures directly on the internet which is the greatest gallery imaginable for a photographer. The gallery is accessible to anyone in the world who has an Internet connection, 24 hours a day at very little cost.   The digital camera is much less expensive to maintain, more spontaneous, easier to work with and easier to exhibit than conventional cameras. Disadvantages   Even the best digital camera can’t record images with the detail you get from a film camera. Digital recording devices can’t match the resolution, sharpness, tonal range and colour reproduction capabilities of film. Digital cameras take anywhere from two to 30 seconds to store each image.

Wal-Mart Ethical Issue Paper - 3080 Words

Running head: ETHICAL ISSUE IN BUSINESS Ethical Issue in Business (Wal-Mart’s Ethical Controversy) Michael J. Charley, Deniqua Jackson, Beatina Marshall, Tom Pletzke University of Phoenix Instructor: ROBERT OXLEY Course: ETHICS IN MANAGEMENT PHL/323 Date: May 21, 2008 This paper will obtain information about a researched issue that deals with business ethics. The paper will include a summary of the Article and issue. This paper will also touch on the following topics, what seems to be the basis of the issue, what ethical change, deficiency, or conflict brought it about, and how did the organizational leadership come into play. The paper will conclude by proposing a plan for revising the ethical standards and†¦show more content†¦Williams, said Tovar in his statement. However, Lowry says her supervisor made it seem like it was required. It was phrased to me like it was part of the complaint process to tell Mona that I had filed a complaint, she says. I didnt know I had a choice. â€Å"Today, Lowry feels totally disheartened by the way the ethics complaint was handled. She was just trying to do what was right. Now she hopes something good comes from the episode. My experience was not what I perceived the ethics line or open-door poli cy to be, and I would think twice before going that route again, she says†(WalMart.com). Lowry had copied papers for her boss Mona Williams prior to hearing that Wal-Mart’s is planning a 15 billion dollar stock buy back and felt that maybe her boss has traded stock information. Although Lowry, discreetly had gone to the ethic department to inform them of her finding of information she thought was unethical. Upon doing so even though Lowry omits she did not know whether her boss had done anything wrong. Moreover, the ethics departments told Lowry that day they did not see any wrongdoing. 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A Masters Degree in Health Care Management 2019

Individuals who have already started working in the health care industry often seek a masters degree in health care management. These individuals choose programs that will qualify them to advance in their career. Sometimes, these individuals have temporary positions and they need certain credentials to become permanent, or they would like to move up in rank. Online colleges and universities offer flexible courses for such individuals. Students might be nurses who are interested in becoming supervisors at a clinic or hospital. Other students might be billing specialists or insurance experts who desire to run the accounting department of a health care facility. Public health is becoming increasingly important each year, and many students embarking on their post-secondary journey might major in that. Health care management degrees may also be of interest to undergraduates. There are also interesting careers related to assisted living and administration mediums that connect health providers with insurance companies. .u7fdd6e697730fe95feecc0e1fc71bb82 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u7fdd6e697730fe95feecc0e1fc71bb82:active, .u7fdd6e697730fe95feecc0e1fc71bb82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u7fdd6e697730fe95feecc0e1fc71bb82 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u7fdd6e697730fe95feecc0e1fc71bb82 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u7fdd6e697730fe95feecc0e1fc71bb82 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u7fdd6e697730fe95feecc0e1fc71bb82:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Alternative Health Care SchoolsWith a masters degree in health care management, many of the positions in these fields would become available. With transferred credits, a masters degree in the health industry can take far less than five years to attain at an accredited online institution. Many online schools have created programs that expedite the education process without sparing quality. Legitimate degrees can be acquired from an online school faster than at a traditional university. Many online schools offer a variety of health care management specializations. At American Intercontinental University, both a bachelors and masters degree in health care management are available. The bachelors degree focuses on business. Colorado Technical University Online provides a bachelors in business program with a concentration in health care management. There is a masters in health administration and a health care management MBA program available at the University of Phoenix Online. They offer masters programs in nursing/health care education and nursing/integrative health care. Obviously, these are for management and teaching positions. The University of Phoenix offers a masters degree in nursing with an MBA in health care management. They also provide a dual degree with a masters in nursing and a masters in health administration. .u98aff42e11ec06931f5d09aafeb25e03 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u98aff42e11ec06931f5d09aafeb25e03:active, .u98aff42e11ec06931f5d09aafeb25e03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u98aff42e11ec06931f5d09aafeb25e03 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u98aff42e11ec06931f5d09aafeb25e03 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u98aff42e11ec06931f5d09aafeb25e03 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u98aff42e11ec06931f5d09aafeb25e03:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Master of Science Nursing Program Offers 5 Popular SpecialtiesThese degree programs represent the blend of business and medicine that is involved in health care management. Online educational facilities have become unprecedented in helping individuals pursue that mixture. Related ArticlesA Day in the Life of an Online Masters Degree StudentA Masters Degree in Business AdministrationA Multi-Purpose Degree Bachelors in BusinessA Convenient Education In Criminal JusticeEarning a Masters Degree in Health AdministrationA Doctor of Business Administration Degree Unlocks the Door to the Global Economy